Sunday, October 10, 2010

Some Confucian Virtues

Rén (Chinese: ) - Although the precise meaning of rén is not easily explained, it can be described as a balance between individual interests and communal interests. It is sometimes translated as "benevolence" or "humanity." Rén can only be applied as a virtue within the context of relationships, and is sometimes compared to the "Golden Rule" of Western thought: Treat others the way you would like to be treated.

(Chinese: ) - is the concept of ritual, and was expressed in the form of proper ceremonies, music, etiquette and rites. This virtue of ritual in Confucianism serves mostly as an exterior gauge for measuring moral excellence.

Yi (Chinese: ) - Yi is the virtue of righteousness or appropriateness, which can be understood as the act of following lǐ, or of following customs or norms.


Xiào (Chinese: ) - Xo is the virtue of filial piety, meaning loyalty and duty to one's family. Xiào can also be duty or loyalty to any relationship. Confucius discusses five main relationships, ruler/subject, parent/child, husband/wife, elder sibling/younger sibling, and friend/friend.

This information was gathered from: http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/kurtis.hagen/keyterms_yi.html and Striking a Balance by Michael C. Brannigan

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